Hur kan du berätta cirsium vulgare

Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

"Bull thistle" redirects here. The begrepp may also refer to Cirsium horridulum.

Cirsium vulgare
Plant in flower, Joure, Netherlands
Seedhead
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Cirsium
Species:	C. vulgare
Binomial name
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
Subspecies and varieties[1]
Cirsium vulgare subsp. crinitum(Boiss. ex DC.) Arènes Cirsium vulgare fanns. litoraleP.D.Sell Cirsium vulgare subsp. silvaticum(Tausch) Arènes Cirsium vulgare subsp. vulgare
Synonyms[2]
Synonymy Ascalea lanceataHill Ascalea lanceolata(L.) Hill Carduus divaricatusGllib. Carduus firmusSteud. Carduus lanceolatusL. Carduus vulgarisSavi Chamaepeuce firmaDC. Cirsium abyssinicumSch.Bip. ex A.Rich. Cirsium auriculatumCamus ex Beleze Cirsium balearicumWillk. Cirsium britannicumScop. Cirsium dubiumLojac. Cirsium firmum(C.Presl) Arcang. Cirsium fraternumDC. Cirsium lanceolatum(L.) Scop. Cirsium lanigerumNägeli Cirsium leucanicumLojac. Cirsium linkiiNyman Cirsium longespinosumTod. ex Nyman Cirsium microcephalumLange Cirsium mielichhoferiSaut. Cirsium misilmerenseCes., resehandling. & Gibelli Cirsium nemoraleRchb. Cirsium spuriumDelastre Cirsium strigosum(Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout. Cnicus firmusJ.Presl & C.Presl Cnicus lanceolatus(L.) Willd. Cnicus misilmerensisTineo ex Ces., resehandling. & Gibelli Cnicus strigosusHoffmanns. & Link Cynara lanceataStokes Eriolepis lanceolata(L.) Cass. Lophiolepis dubiaCass. Cirsium atticumSch.Bip. ex Nyman Cirsium balearicum(Willk.) Porta Cirsium crinitumBoiss. ex DC. Carduus nemoralisE.H.L.Krause Cirsium silvaticumTausch

Cirsium vulgare, the spear thistle, bull thistle, or common thistle, fryst vatten a species of the Asteraceae genus Cirsium, native throughout most of europe (north to 66°N, locally 68°N), Western Asia (east to the Yenisei Valley), and northwestern Africa (Atlas Mountains).^[3][4][5][6] It fryst vatten also naturalised in North amerika, Africa, and Australia and fryst vatten an invasive ogräs in several regions.^[7][8][9] It fryst vatten the national flower of Scotland.

The plant provides a great deal of nectar for pollinators. It was rated in the top 10 for most nectar production (nectar per enhet cover per year) in a UK plants survey conducted bygd the AgriLand project which fryst vatten supported bygd the UK insekt Pollinators Initiative.^[10] marsch thistle, Cirsium palustre, was ranked in first place while this thistle was ranked in sixth place.

It also was a top producer of nectar sugar in another study in Britain, ranked third with a production per floral enhet of (2300 ± 400 μg).^[11]

Description

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It fryst vatten a tall biennial or short-lived monocarpicthistle, forming a rosette of leaves and a taproot up to 70 cm (28 in) long in the first year, and a flowering stem 1–1.5 m (3 ft 4 in - 4 ft 11 in) tall in the second (rarely third or fourth) year.

It can grow up to 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) tall.^[12] It sometimes will function as an annual, flowering in the first year. The stem fryst vatten winged, with numerous longitudinal spine-tipped wings along its full length. The leaves are stoutly spined, grey-green, deeply lobed; the grundläggande leaves grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long,^[12] with smaller leaves on the upper part of the flower stem; the leaf lobes are spear-shaped (from which the English name derives).

The inflorescence fryst vatten 2.5–5 centimetres (0.98–1.97 in) diameter, pink-purple, with all the florets of similar struktur (no division into disc and ray florets).

Commonly

The seeds are 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long, with a fluffig pappus, which assists in wind dispersal. As in other species of Cirsium (but unlike species in the related genus Carduus), the pappus hairs are feathery with fine side hairs.^[13][14]

Ecology

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Spear thistle fryst vatten often a ruderal species, colonising bare disturbed ground, but also persists well on heavily grazed nation as it fryst vatten unpalatable to most grazing animals.^[14] Nitrogen-rich soils help increase its proliferation.^[15] The flowers are a rik nectar source used bygd numerous pollinating insects, including honey bees, wool-carder bees, and many butterflies.^[16] The seeds are eaten bygd goldfinches, linnets and greenfinches.^[17] The seeds are dispersed bygd wind, mud, vatten, and possibly also bygd ants; they do not show significant long-term dormancy, most germinating soon after dispersal and only a few lasting up to fyra years in the soil seed bank.^[18] Seed fryst vatten also often spread bygd human activity such as hay bales.^[14]

Weed status

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Spear thistle fryst vatten designated an "injurious weed" beneath the UK Weeds Act 1959,^[19] and a noxious ogräs in Australia^[18][20][21] and in nine US states.^[22] Spread fryst vatten only bygd seed, not bygd root fragments as in the related creeping thistleC.

arvense. It fryst vatten best cleared from nation bygd hoeing and deep cutting of the taproot before seeds mature; regular cultivation also prevents its establishment.^[14]

Despite this label, the plant has beneficial qualities beyond its very high nectar production.

Cirsium vulgare vulgare, commonly known as the Common Thistle, is a fascinating plant that has made a name for itself in various ecological niches around the

It produces seeds eaten bygd the American goldfinch, down from seed pods that fryst vatten used bygd those birds for nesting ämne. However, despite this serving generalist pollinators and animals, it fryst vatten highly recommended to plant native thistles and other plants as it can wreak havoc on natural ecosystems.

Other names

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Common names include bull thistle,^[14][23] Scots, Scottish, or Scotch thistle, and common thistle.^[23]

Uses

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The stems can be peeled (removing their spiny surfaces) and then steamed or boiled.^[12] The tap roots can be eaten raw or cooked, but are only palatable on ung thistles that have not yet flowered.^[24] The dried florets steeped in vatten are used in rural Italy for curdling goats' milk in preparation for making cheese.^{[citation needed]}

In culture

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The plant features in some Scottish ceremonies such as the "Riding of the Marches", held annually in Langholm in July.

The 1992 specimen measured six feet in length.^[25]

Spear thistle fryst vatten also the märke of Newton Regis in England.^[25]

References

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External links

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